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International Business Machines Corp (IBM)

Undervalued
TechnologyInformation Technology ServicesUnited States

Fundamental

62

Price

$219.93

Market Cap

$207.90B

Part 1 · What the company is worth

Overview

International Business Machines Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, provides integrated solutions and services in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific. It operates through Software, Consulting, Infrastructure, and Financing segments. The Software segment offers hybrid cloud and AI platforms that allow clients to realize their digital and AI transformations across the applications, data, and environments in which they operate. The Consulting segment delivers strategy and technology services and intelligent operations, providing business transformation, technology implementation, managed services, application modernization, and AI-powered solutions. The Infrastructure segment provides on-premises and cloud-based server, and storage solutions, as well as life-cycle services for hybrid cloud infrastructure deployment. The Financing segment offers client and commercial financing, and facilitates IBM clients' acquisition of hardware, software, and services. It operates a data streaming platform. The company has strategic partnerships with various companies, including hyperscalers, service providers, global system integrators, and software and hardware vendors that include Adobe, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft, Oracle, Salesforce, Samsung Electronics and SAP, and others. It also has a strategic collaboration with Arm Holdings plc for the development of new dual-architecture hardware that helps enterprises run future AI and data intensive workloads; strategic partnership with three.ws to advance ai-powered 3d agent technology; and collaboration with Lightwell to help strengthen open source software supply chain. Additionally, it offers operational resilience, logistics, and future-ready technology to the UK Ministry of Defence through Team ORION. The company was formerly known as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. and changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation in 1924. International Business Machines Corporation was incorporated in 1911 and is headquartered in Armonk, New York.

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Direct competitors

Who this company fights with for the same customers

Compare

Generated on September 18, 2026 with claude-haiku-4-5 — shared with all users

P/E: 28.6Score: 80Market cap: $3.70T

Microsoft competes with IBM's Software segment across hybrid-cloud platforms, data and automation software and enterprise AI assistants, chasing the same IT budgets inside large corporate data centres.

P/E: 21.5Score: 66Market cap: $400.95B

Oracle is a principal competitor of IBM's Software segment in databases, middleware and enterprise applications, and increasingly in the cloud infrastructure those workloads run on.

P/E: 32.9Score: 66Market cap: $83.14B

HPE is a principal competitor of IBM's Infrastructure segment, selling enterprise servers, storage and hybrid-cloud hardware to the same corporate data-centre buyers.

Accenture plcACN

IBM names Accenture first among the broad-based rivals of its Consulting segment: both sell systems integration, application management and large digital-transformation programmes to the same global enterprise and public-sector clients.

Infosys LimitedINFY

Infosys is one of the India-based service providers IBM cites as Consulting competitors: it bids for the same application development, managed services and outsourcing contracts, typically on price and delivery scale.

Capgemini SECAP

Capgemini is named by IBM among its Consulting rivals and competes head-on for European enterprise IT services and systems-integration mandates.

Balance Sheet & Liquidity

Revenue

$69.10B

Trailing 12 months (through 6/30/2026)

Net Income

$10.72B

Trailing 12 months (through 6/30/2026)

Free Cash Flow

$12.10B

Total Equity

$32.65B

Total Liabilities

$119.14B

Current Ratio

0.79

Interest Coverage

-

Debt/EBITDA

4.31

Earnings Per Share

Revenue & Net Income

Free Cash Flow

Income Breakdown

Historical statement

Margins over time

Debt over time

How heavy the debt is

Growth grid

Growth — Revenue

Fair Value Estimation

General caseUndervalued

Fair Value

$295.79

Current Price

$219.93

Margin of Safety

+25.6%

Fair Value Range

$192.26 - $399.31

Spread across the valuation methods used, not a statistically calibrated confidence interval.

Estimation Methods

Analyst price target:$240.59
Discounted cash flow (DCF):$518.31
Earnings multiple (P/E):$201.66
Graham growth formula:$329.17
Earnings power value (EPV):$98.00
Justified P/B:$212.96
Dividend discount (Gordon):$144.62
P/FFO, funds from operations:Not enough data to compute it
Mid-cycle earnings:Not enough data to compute it
Revenue multiple:$369.96
Analyst Consensus:Buy (16B / 13H / 2S)
Last Earnings Surprise:-2.28%

Valuation Metrics

P/E Ratio

19.48

ROE

32.4%

P/B Ratio

6.01

P/FCF

15.03

Gross Margin

58.1%

ROIC

-

Profitability Radar

Value Creation (Economic Moat)

ROIC

-

WACC

7.1%

ROIC − WACC

-

Fundamental Analysis Criteria

Passed (17)

  • EPS shows upward trend
  • Gross Margin 58.1%
  • P/FCF 15.03
  • Debt/Equity ratio
  • Positive Free Cash Flow
  • CapEx intensity
  • Current Ratio
  • Debt/EBITDA
  • Return on Tangible Assets
  • ROE 33.5%
  • Analyst Consensus 52% Buy
  • Earnings Surprise avg 3.3%
  • PEG Ratio 1.56
  • Earnings Quality (OCF/NI) 1.39
  • Share Dilution 1.2%
  • Net Margin Trend 15.5% vs 9.1%
  • Piotroski F-Score 6/9

Failed (7)

  • EPS CAGR 2.51%
  • Price CAGR 4.37%
  • P/B Ratio 6.01
  • Low reliance on intangibles
  • Price below Graham Number
  • DCF valuation (Fairly valued)
  • Revenue Growth 5Y 4.1%

Unavailable (4)

  • ROIC NaN%
  • Dividend Payout NaN%
  • Operating Margin NaN%
  • Interest Coverage

Piotroski F-Score

6/9

Mixed signals: some areas need attention

score
criteria

Earnings Quality

1.39

High quality: earnings backed by cash

Share Dilution

1.2%

Share count is stable

Institutional Holdings

Governance

Executive Team

NameTitleAge
Mr. Arvind KrishnaCEO, President & Chairman62
Mr. James J. KavanaughCFO and Senior VP of Finance & Operations58
Ms. Anne E. RobinsonSenior VP & Chief Legal Officer54
Mr. Robert D. ThomasSenior VP of IBM Software & Chief Commercial Officer76
Mr. Gary D. CohnExecutive Vice Chairman64
Olympia McNerneyGlobal Head of Investor Relations-
Ms. Nickle Jaclyn LaMoreauxSenior VP & Chief Human Resources Officer45
Dr. Bernard S. Meyerson Ph.D.Chief Innovation Officer Emeritus-
Mr. Alexander Franz SternSenior Vice President of Strategy and Mergers & Acquisitions59
Mr. Kirill KornilievVP of Sales and Head of The Industry Solutions Area In Central & Eastern Europe-

Audit Risk

8

Board Risk

7

Compensation Risk

3

Shareholder Rights Risk

4

Part 2 · The price and when to enter

This part won't tell you whether the company is worth owning: it helps you choose when to buy it, once the fundamentals have convinced you. Inside: technical analysis, potential, historical drawdowns, gamma exposure.

Documents

  • Annual Report (10-K)

    A yearly overview of the business, its financial results, and the risks it faces.

    Filed on 2026-02-24

    View document
  • Quarterly Report (10-Q)

    A snapshot of financial performance for the most recent three-month period.

    Filed on 2026-07-23

    View document
  • Current Report (8-K)

    An announcement of a major event, such as a leadership change or big news.

    Filed on 2026-08-14

    View document

via SEC EDGAR

Income History

via SEC EDGAR

Latest News

Recent headlines for IBM, sourced from Markets Gazette.

  • 6d agoPOSITIVE
    IBM Connects Banks To Swift’s Blockchain Ledger For Tokenized Deposits

    IBM has integrated its Digital Asset Haven with Swift's blockchain-based shared ledger, enabling financial institutions to conduct tokenized deposit transactions using existing ISO 20022 payment messages. This beta integration allows banks to leverage familiar messaging formats, reducing a key obstacle to blockchain adoption. Swift's ledger, already being tested by 17 institutions, facilitates 24/7 transactions for bank-issued tokenized deposits. IBM is also offering an on-premises version of Digital Asset Haven for enhanced control. This development positions tokenized deposits as a viable, operationally familiar blockchain solution for banks, potentially driving significant adoption.

  • 7d agoPOSITIVE
    IBM opens beta Swift ledger link for 24/7 tokenized deposits

    IBM has launched a beta program for its Swift ledger link, enabling banks to execute tokenized deposit transfers around the clock. This new functionality integrates seamlessly with existing payment messages and compliance frameworks, leveraging SWIFT's established infrastructure. The innovation aims to streamline cross-border transactions and enhance liquidity management for financial institutions. For investors, this development signals IBM's continued push into blockchain and distributed ledger technology within the financial sector, potentially opening new revenue streams and solidifying its position as a key technology provider for banks.

  • 23d agoPOSITIVE
    Is IBM’s selloff an opportunity? Here’s one case for the beaten-down stock.

    An analyst from Evercore ISI suggests that the current selloff in IBM stock presents a buying opportunity, as investors are effectively gaining exposure to the company's quantum computing initiatives at no additional cost. This perspective highlights the potential undervaluation of IBM's advanced technology segments, which could drive future growth and shareholder value. The analyst's view implies that the market may be overlooking the long-term strategic importance and potential profitability of IBM's quantum computing research and development efforts, making the stock attractive for investors seeking growth at a discount.

  • 8/10/2026NEUTRAL
    IBM to Raise C$2.75 Billion in First Canada Bond Sale Since 2012

    IBM is set to issue C$2.75 billion in Canadian corporate bonds, marking its first such sale in Canada since 2012. This move comes as foreign firms have already established a record year for issuance in Canadian dollars. The bond sale is part of IBM's broader financing strategy and does not inherently signal a change in the company's operational performance or future prospects. Investors will monitor the yield and terms of the bonds to assess IBM's cost of capital and its attractiveness relative to other fixed-income opportunities.

  • 8/3/2026NEGATIVE
    Circle bought 1,000 IBM blockchain patents. Nothing good can come of that

    Circle has acquired 1,000 blockchain patents from IBM, raising concerns about potential monopolistic practices in the digital asset space. While Circle's specific intentions for this intellectual property remain undisclosed, the acquisition grants them significant leverage to assert control over blockchain technologies. This move could stifle innovation and create barriers for other companies operating in the sector. Investors in IBM may view this divestiture as a strategic shift, but the broader implications for blockchain competition are a significant point of concern.

  • 7/23/2026NEGATIVE
    IBM lowered its guidance. Now it’s time to deliver, analysts say.

    IBM has revised its revenue guidance downwards, signaling potential headwinds for top-line growth. However, the company reaffirmed its commitment to increasing free cash flow by approximately $1 billion by 2026. This mixed outlook presents a challenge for investors, as the reduced revenue forecast may overshadow the positive cash flow projection. Analysts are now focused on IBM's execution capabilities to meet its financial targets amidst a potentially softening market environment. The market will be watching for strategic initiatives to drive future revenue streams and maintain investor confidence.

  • 7/22/2026NEUTRAL
    IBM just cut its outlook, but not by as much as investors feared

    IBM has revised its full-year outlook downwards, a move that follows a significant profit warning issued last week. While the company's official earnings report confirms a reduced financial forecast, the market's reaction suggests the news was less severe than anticipated by investors. This implies that the initial profit warning may have already priced in the worst-case scenarios, leading to a more muted response to the updated guidance. Investors will be closely monitoring IBM's strategic adjustments and operational performance in the coming quarters to gauge its ability to navigate current market challenges.

  • 7/22/2026POSITIVE
    IBM just cut its outlook. Why its stock is bouncing higher anyway.

    Despite a recent profit warning, IBM's stock is trading higher, defying expectations. The company's official earnings report followed a challenging period, yet the market appears to be looking past the lowered outlook. This resilience suggests underlying investor confidence in IBM's long-term strategy or potential for recovery, possibly due to specific business segment performance or future growth initiatives not fully captured by the revised guidance. Investors will be closely watching for details within the report that might justify this positive market reaction.

  • 7/17/2026NEGATIVE
    IBM’s Warning Is a ‘Hammer’ Slamming Down on Tech’s AI Outsiders

    IBM has issued a stark warning, indicating that its sales are significantly underperforming expectations. This development underscores a widening chasm within the technology sector, separating clear leaders in artificial intelligence from other companies. The company's miss suggests challenges in adapting to or capitalizing on the current AI-driven market trends, potentially impacting its future growth prospects and investor sentiment. This could signal broader headwinds for tech firms not at the forefront of AI innovation.

via Markets Gazette